The main objective of the paper is to discuss the evolution of freedom of religion during the Pre-Independent and Post- Independent eras and also an attempt is made to explain the meaning of the religion from philosophical point of view and also the judicial view on this aspect. The paper is based on purely theoretical aspect. So in this study library and case law methods are adopted to collect relevant material and data. In point of philosophical view the worship is perhaps the most basic of these, but moral conduct, rights belief and participations in religious institutions, are generally all constituent elements of the religious institution as a practiced by believes and worshipers and as commanded by religious sages and scriptures. In point of the Judicial view, man to his own conscience and whatever moral or ethical principle regulate the lives of the men believing in that theistic, conscience or religious belief that alone can constitute religion as understood in the constitution which fasters reeling of brotherhood, paternity and equality of all persons which find their foothold in secular aspect of the constitution.

Major nutrient status of vermicompost of Prunus amygdalus leaf littersprocessed by using indigenous earthworm species of Perionyx excavatus.Vermibeds were prepared in two different concentrations. The result of the presentstudy 50:50 is the suitable proportion for worm growth,cocoons, young ones and value added vermicompost production. This research paper is concentrated onhandling this problem is simplest, scientific, economical and environmentalfriendly way to transform waste materials into compost through vermicompostingby using an earthworm Perionyx excavatus.

Sex ratio is a significant demographic and cultural index. Balanced sex ratio is the best indicator of developed society. Fertility, mortality, migration, literacy, traditions, culture, socio-economic conditions, standard of living etc. affect the size of family. Literacy is one of the affecting factors of sex ratio which determines the rate of fertility, size of family, good approach and attitude about the female child etc. Literacy and sex ratio both are the important indicators of any type of development and quality of human life.In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze literacy and sex ratio patterns and the correlation between literacy and sex ratio in Shirur Tahsil, Pune District, Maharashtra. For the detail analysis in sex ratio and literacy, 117 villages of this tahsil have been studied by applying the 1991, 2001 and 2011census data from Town and Village Directory of Pune District.

First small hydro power was installed at darjiling in 1897 in British India but after independence Indian Renewable energy sector got recognition in 1990s when wind energy introduced at large scale. Renewable energy counted as second life line in energy deficit countries. After independence India got tremendous achievement in energy generation but due to high demand of energy always demand – supply gap exist. Renewable energy didn’t get enough attention compare to conventional energy due to unavailable of advanced technology and R&D But from last decade RE scenario has been changed. Conventional energy counted as primary energy resource in world due to low input cost compare to renewable energy, but side by side conventional energy effect to environment by extraction of hazardous gases. India is facing 9-13% energy shortage in different segment especially peak & off-peak load hours. In India, renewable energy infrastructure progress is very low compare to other developing Asian countries. According to geographical condition of India huge untapped solar energy potential are available. MNRE initiative JawaharLal Nehru national solar mission is dream project to boost renewable energy especially solar energy contribution in India. In this research paper, main focus is total growth in Renewable energy since independence. Growth accounted in yearly plan wise (yearly and 5 yearly).

Meaning of Research Research in the common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in a technical sense. Research is, thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment. In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem is a search. The systematic approach concerning generalisation and the formulation of a theory is also research.

Gaza and west bank together comprise 22% of Palestine. Palestinians have been physically divided into two caged areas, the west bank and gaza. In May Israeli forces killed two Palestinian youth in reprisal Hamas allegedly abducted three young Israeli settlers. So Israel led a major offensive on the west bank.

Education for sustainability is a prime concern in order to ensure spread of sustainability awareness in the societies. Universities and educational institutions play a critical role in this diffusion of the sustainability awareness. In this article, authors try to outline the contribution framework embedded with the curriculum at its centre, for the spread of Education for Sustainability, both inside as well as outside the institutional boundary. Authors come up with a generic but distinct strategic archetype which may carve the path for inclusion of innovative practices in order to enhance the spread of the message of sustainability

Study area lies in western region of Saudi Arabia between the latitudes of 21º 35- North and longitudes of 39º 48- East. Three locations, WadiStara, AlHarazat and Osfan in different highest above sea level were chosen to study floristic composition and life form for wild plants associated Commiphoragileadensis with recognizing plant communities, life forms spectra, abundance and economic uses. Total number of recorded species associated Commiphoragileadensis in study area was 17 belongs to 13 families. Nine species representing perennial and eight species were annual with ratios 52.9 and 47.1% respectively. Poacea and Asteracea have the highest contributions (23.07%), followed by Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Burseraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Urtiaceae and Zygophyllaceae with (7.69%) for each. The therophytes were the highest ratios associated Commiphoragileadensis (47.5%), followed by chamaephytes and phanerophytes which ratios 35.29 % and 17.46, % respectively. The economic uses showed that grazing the highest one (88.2%), medical. Fuel, other uses and human food with 70.5, 47, 47 and 35.3% for each respectively

Nutritional stress caused by N deficiency and toxicitylargely determines theplant biomass distribution, as wellas sucrose synthesis and degradation rates. One of the main factors regulating both sugar metabolism and the source-sink relationship (distribution) is the nutritional state of N.In this study, Phaseolus vulgariswas subjected to different N conditions. N was applied to the nutrient solution as NH NO at the followingrates: 2,4,8,16and20mM. N deficiency 4 3 stimulatedthe sucrose synthesis, yielding the highest valuesfor sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. On the contrary, high N concentrationnot only stunted general growth, but also stimulated significantly sucrosedegradation associated with the highest activities of both acidic and alkalineinvertases. The results also reveal a positive correlation between the activity of the enzyme responsible for sucrose biosynthesis (SPS) and the sucrose concentration in the roots and shoots

In India, village panchayat exists from ancient periods. After 73rd & 74th constitution amendment these local self government bodies get constitutional status. Many quantitative & qualitative changes have been done for strengthening of Panchayat raj. After formation of separate ministry for panchayat raj from 2004 these institutions started to strengthens day by day. If we consider Present quantitative status of local self government institutions their number increases on all India level and also Maharashtra state level. In India the structure of rural self local government institutions is three tier excluding some state like Goa, Manipur & Sikkim. The rate of urbanization is more in Maharashtra than other states, so number of Municipal Corporation is maximum (26) in the state

ShashiDeshapande, the living dynamic woman writer in Indian English Literature occupies a prominent position. She has treated the typical Indian themes very sensitively and has pictured the contemporary middle-class women with rare competence. She is the second daughter of the famous Kannada dramatist and Sanskrit scholar Sriranga. She was born in Dharwad in Karnataka, South India and was educated in Dharwad, Bombay and Bangalore. Deshapande has degrees in Economics and Law, which she finished with a Gold medal. After marriage, when she was living in Bombay (today‘s Mumbai) she did a course on journalism at the BharatiyaVidyaBhavan, and worked for a couple of months as a journalist for the magazine‘On Looker.

Indian society which is acquainted with Sanskrit literature and Sanskrit literator in which Upanishad, Ramayana, Mahabharat, Bhagvad etc. literature and Valmiki, Vyasa, Kalidas etc. literators are famous. This fame is such comprehensive that, it is comprehensive till rural or urban, literate or illetrate persons. In which the word Shrimad Bhagvat is famous as puran by Bhagvatkatha. (Story of Bhagvat). This is its importance. But while seeing it minutely, there can be seen an unprecedented importance in it. e.g. poetics importance, religious importance, spiritual importance etc.

The paper analyses the role of regional parties in Jammu and Kashmir in the context of conflict situation. The paper focuses on the 2002 and 2008 assembly elections and the Amaranth agitation, which took place a few months before the parliamentary elections of 2009.

This paper focuses on the female characters in the novels ‘Veronica Decides to Die’ and ‘By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept’ both of which spans a week’s time. In its real sense this paper does not focuses on the feminist point of view but attempts to explore the female outlooks of the leading female characters that are represented by Paulo Coelho in his above two novels. The study intends to bear on the literary critical outlining of psychoanalytic theory based on the tripartite model of mind devised by Sigmund Freud giving special thrust on the interplay of the conscious and the unconscious mind of the main characters. The novel By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept revolves around the title character Pilar who was thinking on terms of morality principle which switched continuously between the morality and the reality principle and this weighing ultimately rested upon the pleasure principle. Veronica Decides to Die, boldly torn away her indecision sheds her inhibitions and decides to do things she always wanted to do without caring about the world. By liberating herself from the morality principle and the reality principle that was stamped upon her as social taboos, she felt solace with the pleasure principle which adds a better meaning to her life.

The purpose of the study is to find out the Effect of yoga therapy on selected Systolic Pressure and Diastolic pressure variables on stage one hyper tension Patients among men. Forty male subjects were selected randomly only hyper tension Patients among men at Indira Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute Hospital in Pondicherry. The subject’s age ranged from 40 to 45 years of respectively. The selected subjects were divided into two equal groups of 20 subjects each. Experimental group (Group I) Yoga therapy and Control group (Group II). Pre-test was conducted for the two groups on selected Systolic Pressure and Diastolic pressure variables. The experimental group underwent Yoga therapy practices for 6 weeks, per week for the duration of the training was given for 5 days per week 45 minutes every day. The control group did not undergo any training program. After 6 weeks of training period the post test was conducted for all the two groups. The data was analyzed by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Technique to find out the effect of yoga therapy on selected physiological variables on stage one hyper tension patients among men. Then, the obtained ‘f’ratio is tested at 0.05 level of significant.

Cooperatives represent a significant portion in the context Brazilian economic current. Its development is due to the need that the human being has a meaning in the course of history, to work in co-operation scheme, in order to obtain better results in your business. The cooperatives are entities with their own characteristics, therefore require professional management qualified, under penalty of succumb to voracious capitalism brought by globalization in the world of business. This study aimed to identify what are the costs of production of honey applied to a Beekeeping Cooperative the Municipality of Vilhena/RO. It is an exploratory and descriptive study, from bibliographic research and case study, using as data collection procedure with spot. The research was carried out in Apiculture Cooperative Portal of the Amazon - COOAPA. It was found that managers of COOAPA considered it very important to know all the costs involved in the production, however, due to a lack of technical knowledge in the area and the lack of support of both entities, linked to the sector, as well as the accounting class location, the difficulties in identifying a cost structure are large, using only empirical knowledge to compose the costs. It was also verified that the decisions of the company are not predicated on accounting information and that these are used only for the tax authorities and banks.

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the Project One Computer per Student on the quality of life at work in the educational context. In this study compared, descriptive focus, a strategy was adopted to investigative use of mixed methods sequence with the variables of the study based on the model of Walton (1973). It was noted that the servers of school participant in the UCA Projectpresent a perception significantly negative for QLW.The factors that most influenced the outcome of the research relate to the dissatisfaction of the workers about the adaptations of ergonomic workplace and the technological resources available for the performance of their activities.

The present study was undertaken at the graduates of Accounting Sciences of the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR) - Campus of Cacoal, formed in the years 2009 to 2012, with the objective of identifying the same use reflection on decision-making in professional performance. The data collection occurred during the months of May and June 2014, through the application of questionnaire supported in a semi-structured questionnaire sent by e-mail. The research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, using bibliographic research and field, with quantitative and qualitative approach. The results obtained, among other things, helped to identify that the accounting professionals consider the reflection very important in their professional practice that respondents often reflect with greater frequency before the decision is taken. It was considered that the results identified more positive aspects in relation to the statements that the reflection enables identification of another more options and greater security in the quest for the best results.

There are varietal differences in organic acid metabolism, carbohydrate assimilation, and content of nitrogen, protein, polyphenols, chlorophylls, capsicum, capsaicin and ascorbic acid. Carbohydrate study revealed that starch is the main constituent fraction in chillies varieties under study. It appears that the sugar are mobilized actively for the synthesis of polysaccharides. Total sugars and starch even though synthesizing in lamina, they are not accumulated there but are trans located to fruit, root and stem where they are stored.Capsaicin level vary with the size of fruits, small fruit sized variety contained high capsaicin, and vice versa.

George Bernard Shaw says ‘Home is girl’s prison and the woman’s workhouse’ in Man and Superman (1903, Maxims: Women in the Home). Home and identity of a woman are related to each other as home of a girl plays a vital role in determining the real identity of her. In a society her identity is at stake if home does not carry the meaning and merely remains a word with four walls and a ceiling. Sometimes her own people become hurdle in her path of achieving what she desires though she is well secured at her parents’ house. The question arises as to where lies the actual home and often the institution of the marriage puts her into the dilemma to remain faithful to either of the house. Freedom and identity are the two facets of a woman’s home. From the beginning, woman is grappling to find her own self and women novelists like Shashi Deshpande, Kamala Markandya and Anita Desai by their writings are constantly trying to unveil and argue firmly the values like freedom of thought and expression, liberation from oppression and importance of home.

Peroxidase from Calotropisproceralatex was purified by benzene treatment, DEAE-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 column. The purity was determined from the high specific activity (2200 units/mg protein), purification fold (7.0), and a single band in native PAGE, SDS-PAGE. Peroxidase had molecular mass of 45 kDa. Phenylenediamine had the highest peroxidase activity (140%), odianisidine had moderate activity (83%). p-Aminoantipyrine (42%) and pyrogallol (33%) had low affinity towards enzyme. The apparent Km value ofperoxidase from C. procera latex for H O and guaiacol were 6.8 and 11.4 mM/ml, respectively. The 2 2 enzyme showed a pH optimum at 5.5, whereasthe optimal temperature was 40°C. 2+ 2+ The enzyme activity was remained stable up to 40°C. Both Cu and Fe caused the highest activation at 2 and 5 mM (260, 115 and 290, 230%, respectively). Hg2+ caused the highest inhibitory effect. In conclusion, Calotropisproceralatex could be a new and potential source for peroxidase enzyme.

Learning is knowledge vocabulary, writing, number work, and so on. There is also learning from everything and everybody which develops open mind, humility and sustain sensitivity.Living is learning.One of the main aims of education is to effect desired changes in the behaviour of children.There are many different theories of how people learn. Learning strategies are used by students to help them understand information and solve problems.The ultimate aim of all learning is to change one's behaviour suited to the new situations.

Sixteen Frankia pure isolates were isolated from three ecologically different Egyptian governorates i.e., five isolates from Kafr El-Sheikh, five isolates from New Valley and six isolates from Ismailia. According to their physiological properties, it was found that the isolated Frankia were identified as fifteen different Frankia strains belonging to the species of Frankia casuarina. In sandy soil, no nodules were formed in the control seedlings. The inoculated seedlings produced nodules dry weight ranged from 0.41 to 1.93 g/seedling with increases over the Br reference strain reached 13 to 15%. Inoculation of Casuarina seedlings with the local Frankia strains increased roots length and roots dry weight. The increases over the Br reference strain ranged from 3 to 130% and 0.4 to 139% consecutively. The isolated Frankia strains positively affect Casuarina stems length and number of branches in comparison with the Br reference strain. No significant differences were found regarding Casuarina shoots dry weight. For nodules dry weight, no nodules were formed in the control treatment

This articles discusses “sanitary” roles of Gypsfulvus, Aegypius Monachus, Gypaetus barbatus and Neophron percnopterus of Falconiformes cluster in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. It analyses and comments on the role of these necrophage species in decreasing of epizooty sources by eating animal corpses died of various reasons.

Naxalism is the biggest challenges to our internal security, he clearly underlined the dangers. It has been poising to India, as also the need to deal with the challenges in a most effective way.1 Security is not a luxury and is not merely a function of the state. It is a way of life. India has to and overcome the general inability of democracies to put together the political well, the resource and the strategies that are necessary to prevail over all internal security threats.2. Real reforms that would remove of minimize economic and religion/caste-based inequalities, good and honest governance and effective policing are prerequisites for the marshalling the total resource of the nation in three efforts.

The Indian Banking sector, bank has adopted new technologies. Banks provides various facilities to the customers to reduce paper cost. Banks provides fast services via Innovative technologies for the purpose of to understand new technology in Indian banking sector the present study Paperless Banking in Indian prospective is important. The current paper discussed the new technology in Indian banking sector with special reference to paperless banking and also discussed the special address given by Shri. H.R. Khan, Deputy, Governor, RBI.

Rural women are generally the poorest of the poor and at the same time, they are the pivotal actor in the development process. Therefore, eliminating social, economical and political discrimination against women is prerequisite for the sustainable and suitable development. Mainstreaming the women more specifically the rural women is the main development agenda of the present world. Cooperatives today have emerged as powerful local initiations for the economic development and social mainstreaming. Empowerment has always been fundamental to the cooperative idea where people get together to achieve goals that they would not be able to achieve on their own. Therefore, this paper has reviewed status of women in global scenario and tries to unleash the potential role of cooperatives in the empowerment of women. Further the paper has highlighted the role of cooperatives in guaranteeing the participation and opportunity for the women to promote their social and economic development. This paper is based on the review of the earlier literatures and research.

It is a down-to-earth study, based on paticcasamuppada (Dependent Origination) for everyone which is very essential to overcome as quickly as possible for certain escaping from the round of rebirth (samsara). This article will support definitely to the people.It is reveals ways on moral, liberations and the virtues.

The age which ranges from birth to adolescence is called childhood. According to piaget’s theory of cognitive development childhood consists of two stages: preoperational stage and concrete operational stage. In developmental psychology. childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood(learning to walk), early childhood(play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (puberty). Various childhood factors could affect a person's attitude formation.